Phytoremediation as a Tool to Remove Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Aquatic Environment

Abstract Antimicrobials, heavy metals, and biocides are ubiquitous contaminants frequently detected in water bodies across the globe. These chemicals known as drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), these can select for resistance. Tools processes, therefore, needed to remove from environment tackle environmental component AMR. Aquatic phytoremediation is a nature-inspired green solution environment. Phytoremediation utilises macrophytes’ ability sequester degrade chemical pollutants aquatic environments. In this review, we define problem statement by highlighting presence AMR We also provide an in-depth review pollution evaluating mechanisms removal degradation chemicals. This identifies potential hyper-accumulators understands how plant species composition influence accumulation. Different accumulate different extents range macrophytes. Therefore, combined use floating, submerged emergent plants would facilitate optimum considered review. A suggested configuration includes Helianthus annus around edge contaminated site, followed belt ( Myriophyllum aquaticum ) bed floating (e.g., Lemna species) together with hyperaccumulator, Phragmites australis . Whilst offers promising option treat water, several critical knowledge gaps still exist. The effect co-exposure on accumulation fate antibiotic-resistant genes bacteria during process highlighted Based understanding, targeted areas future research proposed.